One of the main explanations for Manhattan's political and cultural condition might be that it is home to the national Communist Party headquarters, which was located on 23 West 26th Street. In August 1960, the Party's National Executive Committee held a high-level conference in New York City where Daniel Rubin, the National Youth Secretary, advocated the holding of a national youth conference, to establish a new Marxist youth group. To this end, Rubin made an extended tour of the college campuses. Out of this effort, the party's program for speaking at colleges was born. This program became the party's major weapon for achieving its "new look" and respectability. The first person to speak at the campuses was Rubin himself. Then Herbert Aptheker. Then Hyman Lumer, Benjamin J. Davis, Jr., Carl Winter, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and James Jackson, all of them top officials for the Party. They were careful at first not to identify themselves publicly as communist officials, with Rubin presenting himself instead as editor of New Horizons For Youth, a party youth paper. Aptheker billed himself as editor of Political Affairs, which was the party's theoretical journal. At first, the party leaders attempted to capture student and faculty interest in the party, but soon found a cordial reception to speak about many different topics, such as international and national events, history, philosophy, social conditions and even religion - all from the communist viewpoint.. By the beginning of 1962-1963 academic year, the party had established a "lecture and information Bureau" in New York City under the direction of Arnold Samuel Johnson, the Party's Public Relations Director. With his signature, letters of invitation were sent to college and university groups across the country. It was from these engagements that the party gained entry into the intellectual community.
In these avenues, these propagandists posed as protectors of the Constitution, especially the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. They claimed to be furthering academic freedom, and present communism as a democratic philosophy, denying that it was a criminal conspiracy of tied to a foreign power. If they were not permitted to speak by school authorities, as sometimes happened, they suddenly became "martyrs", crying crocodile tears about the denial of free speech. Any controversy over their appearance was exploited by Party publicists.

This is a brief history of how the communist party, after its crushing defeats and exposure following Stalin's death, gained significant entry and influence in American society after 1960.

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